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广州地铁三号线集中冷站系统构成及特点
广州地铁三号线集中冷站采用了施耐德高端PL C QUANTUM 控制器系列，对集中冷站和车站进行控制，各车站与集中冷站之间采用多模光纤以太网通讯方式，通讯协议为MODBUS TCP .大大保证了通讯速率和通讯信息量的要求，同时也保证了通讯距离和系统的安全可靠性。送排风及空调系统采用变频器调节风量，水系统二次泵也均采用变频器调节。变频器与通过Modbus通讯接口接入就地远程I/O箱的远程通讯模块上，大大减少了通讯线的距离，避免了干扰。
● 集中冷站系统构成
○ 集中冷站供冷系统由集中冷站，传输管道和末端设备构成
○ 其中供冷系统图如图1-1，冷站系统图如图1-2
集中冷站系统特点
与分站供冷方式相比，集中冷站供冷系统需要为多个车站供冷，在供冷范围和数量上都要大得多，有以下几个主要特点：
● 冷冻水传输距离长。一般地铁站距在1000米左右，本系统为6个车站供冷，冷冻水传输距离将达 2000～3000米。长距离传输，管路的阻力大为增加，并且系统的热惰性加大，增大了系统的调节难度
● 末端设备数量多，供冷管路形成网络。由于各站的负荷情况不同，系统调节时易导致出现相互影响，需考虑整个网络的整体水力平衡
● 集中冷站供冷系统的制冷部分，通常采用多机组，二级泵的形式。这种形式适应了长距离管路输送阻力较大的情况，能够减小末端系统对冷机的影响。但是增加了泵的数量和管路复杂性，使调节控制的难度加大
调节控制方法与策略
调节控制手段
● 广州地铁三号线集中供冷系统中，PLC采用的调节控制手段有：
○ 风机变频变风量(末端设备)
○ 水泵变频变水量
○ 水阀调水量
○ 质调节
调控手段的选择
由于管路很长，冷冻水从集中冷站到末端设备需要运行数十分钟，如果采用质调节，则调节时滞太大。因此在实时控制中，主要采用量调节的方式(包括风量调节和水量调节)。质调节则采用开环方式，根据外温或季节确定冷冻水温，并在一定时间内(比如1天内)保持相对稳定。
二级泵管路长，阻力大，且流量直接受末端负荷的影响，因此二级泵采用变频调节，可以达到较好的节能效果。同时为了保证通过冷水机组的水量，一级泵采用定速泵，并与冷机对应运行，不进行变频调节。
从节能的角度考虑，优先考虑节能效果较好的风机变频和水泵变频调节，尽量少使用水阀调水量的方法。
控制调节的策略
初调节
集中冷站供冷的管路复杂，不同支路之间的阻力差距大，因此需要进行认真的系统初调节，以免系统水力失调，导致运行调节无法正常进行。
● 初调节目标：
○ 验证系统可以达到设计工况
○ 实现系统的水力平衡，为运行调节准备条件。
● 调节步骤
经多次调整，使系统内各机组的流量基本相同(如机组型号不同，则各机组的流量比值应基本相同。流量比值=实际流量/设计流量)。且至少1个机组的阀门为全开状态。
1、调整一级泵系统水力平衡
2、设计频率整定
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